For over 20 years, farm safety experts have argued that one of the best way to prevent farm incidents is through the supervision of children by a dedicated childcare provider off the worksite. Besides connections to the safety of farm children, childcare arrangement also impact farm parents’ productivity and a range of farm business decisions. While farm parents experience challenges accessing and paying for childcare that parallel those of working parents across the United States, there has been little in-depth research examining farm families’ actual experiences with childcare and the types of childcare arrangements and supports that would increase their ability and willingness to use childcare. The issue of childcare in agriculture is not new but the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted weaknesses in the childcare system, reinforcing the need to better understand farm families’ realities to inform the development of actionable recommendations for programs, resources, and policies to support farm families’ use of childcare

Conducted by two rural sociologists with research and outreach programs aimed at supporting the health, well-being, and economic viability of farm families, this research project will examine:

1) What strategies and support systems farm parents use to keep their children safe while they work?
2) To what extent do farm parents consider childcare as risk mitigation and farm business strategies?
3) What are the factors that shape farm parents’ use of childcare?
4) What type of social, economic, and policy supports could increase childcare use?

Principal Investigator: Florence Becot, Ph.D.

Bio: Dr. Florence Becot is a rural sociologist and is the Nationwide Insurance Early Career Professor in Agricultural Safety and Health at the Pennsylvania State University. She is also leads Penn State's Agricultural Safey and Health program. Her integrated research and extension program focuses on the health, well-being, safety, and economic viability of farm families. Her research first considers the ways in which difficulties meeting social needs such as health care, childcare, or aging, expand beyond the confines of the personal sphere and can have direct implications on the farm including the adoption of farm safety practices and farm business development. Directly tied to farm households’ ability to meet their social needs, her work also explores the availability and types of social supports, including crisis support, as well as the role of these support systems in supporting farm households and their farm business. Dr. Becot earned her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University and was previously a researcher at the University of Vermont Center for Rural Studies and at the National Farm Medicine Center.

Co-Investigator: Shoshanah Inwood, Ph.D.

Bio: Dr. Shoshanah Inwood is a rural sociologist and an associate professor in the School of Environmental and Natural Resources at The Ohio State University.  Her career has focused on the intersection of agriculture, environment, and society in the context of community and economic development. Shoshanah has maintained a dual focus studying both the role of communities in food system development and the socio-cultural household level processes that underlay the American food and agriculture system. Her research and outreach program centers on three themes: 1) Community based economic development through food and agriculture 2) Social and community factors affecting farm growth and development, and; 3) The persistence of agriculture at the rural-urban interface. She approaches these questions through a sociological lens and utilize a mixed methods approach integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and analysis techniques.

Project team:

Publications and Materials related to this project:

Case study state profiles: these profiles provide a short description of the project along with a description of the agricultural population and childcare landscape in each of the study states:

Research briefs: these research briefs provide a summary of the study findings.

  • Research brief: about the integration of childcare and children’s needs in farm programming.
  • Research brief: findings from national survey of 860 farm and ranch families.

Short Articles:

Articles in scientific journals:

Selected presentations:

  • Becot, F., Morrissey, K., Ruszkowski, S. and Inwood, S. (2024). Meeting the needs of the children and the farm: What kinds of solutions do farm parents want? International Society for Agricultural Safety and Health. Portland, OR - Agriculture, Food and Human Values Conference. Syracuse, NY.
  • Budge, H., Becot, F., Inwood, S. (2024). The source of all my joy and all my stress”: Farm women’s deteriorating mental health in the USA. International Society for Agricultural Safety and Health. Portland, OR - Rural Sociology Society. Madison, WI.
  • Becot, F. and Inwood, S. (2023) Essential Workers & Essential Services:  The role childcare plays in building prosperous and vibrant ​agricultural and rural communities. Invited presentation for the Rural Childcare Roundtable organized by the Bipartisan Policy Center and Save the Children. Washington, DC.
  • Becot, F., Ruszkowski, S., and Inwood, S. (2023). The conundrum of childcare and safety on the farm.  Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society Annual Conference. Boston, MA - European Society for Rural Sociology Congress. Rennes, France - Rural Sociological Society Meeting. Burlington, VT.Becot, F., Inwood, S., and Rissing, A. (2022). Childcare for farm families: A key strategy to keep the children safe yet largely absent from farm programming. Virtual presentation for the Midwest Rural Agricultural Safety and Health Annual Conference.
  • Becot F. Taking care of farm children during COVID-19 and implications on children’s exposure to farm risk.
    • Midwest Rural Agricultural Safety and Health Conference (Nov 17, 2020);
    • ASHCA Agricultural Safety Summit (Mar 22-24).
  • Inwood, S. and Becot, F. Essential Workers & Essential Services:  The role childcare and health insurance play in building prosperous and vibrant ​agricultural and rural communities​.
    • Briefing for office of U.S. Senator Tina Smith (Minnesota) (October 26, 2021);
    • Staffer from the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (December 2, 2021);
    • Special Assistant to the U.S. President for Agricultural and Rural Policy, Senior Policy Advisor for Agriculture at The White House, Associate Director for Economic Mobility, Domestic Policy Council at The White House, Domestic Policy Council, Director of Labor and Workers at The White House, Special Assistant to the President for Community, Public Health, and Disparities, and Special Assistant to the President for Community, Public Health, and Disparities. (December 14, 2021).
  • Becot, F. Linking childcare to farm safety research project: A multi-pronged approach to participatory engagement.
    • Partnerships to Strengthen Rural Health Equity Research in Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research. (December 1, 2021).
  • Becot, F. Navigating children and work on and off the farm: A discussion about what could make things easier.
    • In Her Boots Conference Session Series. Midwest Organic and Sustainable Education Service (MOSES). (February 24, 2022).
  • Inwood, S. Rural Quality of Life: Challenges and Opportunities for the Rural Care Economy.
  • Becot, F. Parenting and Farming Panel: Perspectives from Wellness to Policy.
    • Growing Community Resilience Series from the Women, Food, and Agriculture Network. (March 22, 2022).
  • Becot, F., Inwood, S., and Rissing, A. Children and childcare: Ubiquitous on family farms yet largely absent from farm programming.
    • Annual joint conference of the Association for the Study of Food and Society and Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society. (May 18-21, 2022).